A Tongue-Twisting Language Arts Lesson Plan

Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled Peppers! She Sells Seashells by the Seashore! Toy Boat! Toy Boat! Toy Boat! Try saying these words several times quickly and youll see why tongue twisters can be a totally terrific part of your Language Arts curriculum. Not only are they silly, but these funny phrases focus on phonics, parts of speech, oral language, alliteration, reading, writing, and more. First, pique the childrens interest by introducing them to some of the more well-known tongue twisters. Challenge the children to say each phrase five times fast. Toy Boat is a great one because it sounds easy, but its actually quite difficult to repeat it fast. Try it yourself and see! Next, read a tongue-twisting book such as Twimericks, Dr. Seuss Oh Say Can You Say?, or Worlds Toughest Tongue Twisters. The kids will love watching you struggle through the tongue-tickling phrases from these books. You will probably have to stop every so often to give the kids a chance to practice the twisters. Its simply too irresistible to them if they have to wait. After the book, introduce the concept of alliteration. If you teach students in second grade or older, they will probably be able to handle this big word. In fact, it is a third grade academic standard in my district that all students know alliteration and begin to apply it in their writing. Alliteration simply means the repetition of the beginning sound in two or more words together. Younger students can build on the letter decoding skills included in tongue twisters by reading phonics poems in books such as the Phonics Through Poetry series. These poems are a little different than traditional tongue twisters, but they are a fun way to practice certain beginning sounds, rhymes, digraphs, and more. You may also want to discuss what makes these sentences and phrases so difficult to pronounce quickly. To build in writing practice, the students will have a blast building their own tongue twisters. To start, you can have the kids make four columns on their papers: one for adjectives, one for nouns, one for verbs, and one for other parts of speech. To determine the letter for their twisters, I usually just have them pick one of their initials. This gives them a little bit of free choice, but also ensures that you dont get 20 twisters of the same letter. After the children brainstorm approximately 10-15 words for each column that begin with their chosen letters, they can start putting together their twisters. I stipulate that they have to write complete sentences, not simple phrases. My students got so carried away that many of them asked if they could make more than one. I even had one child who made 12! To culminate the tongue twisting lesson, I have the kids write one twister on the bottom of a page and illustrate it above. These make a great project to post on a bulletin board because the children will love reading each others sentences and trying to say them five times fast. Give this tongue-twisting lesson a try and its sure to become one of your favorite lessons to teach each year. Yes, its a little silly and full of giggles, but at the end of the day, the kids really will have gained valuable language arts skills.

1984 Winston’s Struggle - 1733 Words

Hisham Dakhil English R1b Loretta Kane October 6, 2008 Winston’s Struggle George Orwell creates a dark, depressing and pessimistic world where the government has full control over the masses in the novel 1984. The protagonist, Winston, is low-level Party member who has grown to resent the society that he lives in. Orwell portrays him as a individual that begins to lose his sanity due to the constrictions of society. There are only two possible outcomes, either he becomes more effectively assimilated or he brings about the change he desires. Winston starts a journey towards his own self-destruction. His first defiant act is the diary where he writes â€Å"DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER.† But he goes further by having an affair with Julia,†¦show more content†¦However, they must play a instrumental role in order for the Party to ever be defeated since they make up such a vast majority. The proles live in ignorance of how the Party controls them into being patriotic. They have no desires to free themselves and are oblivious of their true power. The pr oles should be the ones questioning the status quo but it is Winston who carries their plight instead. Orwell depicted the Party as such a powerful force with the posters everywhere that say â€Å"Big Brother is Watching† and that proved to be true in Winston’s case. Even in the prole’s district he is not safe as seen when he is captured in Mr. Carrington’s shop. Winston’s inability to connect with the prole community effectively was a shortcoming because they are the group of people that can share the same interest as him. Yet the way he rushed into things with O’Brien circumvented his chances of organizing a revolution. The character of O’Brien intrigues Winston because he represents the type of man that Winston aspires to become. However, we learn at the end that he is merely a pawn of the Party and had played Winston all along. Ironically, Winston becomes just like O’Brien but not in the manner in which he expected. Initially O’Brien is shrouded in mystery and Winston perceives him has a connection to the resistance. It is through O’Brien that Winston hopes to learn the necessary steps in order to overthrow Big Brother. O’Brien pretends

Corporate Finance Goods or Services

Questions: 1. Elaborate more about "why economies of scale are one of the reasons of lower issuance debt cost" (hilighted in red font). Please write 1 additional page for this point.2.Write more: Analyse more reasons/advantages of rights offering.Structure the answer according to these reasons. Please write 2 additional pages for this. Answers: 1. Economies of scale are referred to that situated when more amounts of goods or services can be produced at a less input costs. This also means that a company is able to grow and produce more number of units and has a better scope for decreasing its costs. The lower issuance debt cost has been evident in from of internal Economies of scale. The advantage of this in terms lower issuance debt cost may be seen to occur due to several reasons. The primary reason behind this may be due to Specialization and division of labour. The company may be able to save a considerable amount of resources, as the workers will be requiring little training. In several cases, the lower issuance of the debt cost due to the economies of scale may be evident with bulk buying of the items. When the items are bought in large quantities then the companies are seen to provide a considerable amount of reduction in the final payment. This in turn can be utilized to pay off any additional debts or borrowing from the financial institutions taken by the company. The advantages in terms of the lowering the debt cost has been further seen to exist due to the financial economies which is a result of more production within the company. Due to these financial economies, firms can get a better interest rate and this in turn will assists in lower issuance debt cost. The various types of the external economies of scale are further seen to assist the companies in terms of the benefits, which related to good supply networks, access to specialized labor and better availability of infrastructure. Due to the aforementioned benefits due to the economies of scale, the company will be able to get the leverage in terms of higher financial economies and lower the debt cost (Economicshelp.org, 2017). 2. Horseshoe Corporation can retain the control of the company by the issue of rights to the existing shareholders. The investors pay for the new shares that are being issued and in this way the company will be able to raise the capital. This will help the company to repay debts, acquire new assets or in some cases even save themselves from bankruptcies. The issue of rights is a preferred way of raising capital even if company is not doing well. For instance, in case the rate of interest for bank loans is high or the company is not in a situation to bear the bond rate, then raising of capital through rights issue is identified as the most appropriate measure. Horseshoe Corporation should further note that this decision will result in net profit to spread over a number of shares. This decision will further lead to reduced earnings per share and cause several changes in the cash flow of the company. However, this method of raising capital will be able to strengthen the balance of the c ompany and the allow Horseshoe Corporation to pursue for strategic opportunities in main market (Rogoff, 2015). One must understand the existing shareholders are not seen to suffer because of dilution as the fresh issue of the shares is seen on terms of lower amount of face value on the shares. This decrease in the value of the shares can be observed to be compensated in terms of the by getting new shares at a reduced market price. The company is further able to get a better image during the issue of the rights as the existing shareholders of the company are seen to be satisfied in terms of the possession of the shares (David Myers, 2015). It is often considered that fresh issue of the stocks to the existing shareholders often results in higher return rather than issuing of the stocks to the public. This form of the distribution of the shares is often considered to be a more fair and ethical process. The directors of the company cannot misuse the opportunity for distributing the shares among their friends and relatives at a reduced value, thereby retaining more control by offering to new share s to the existing shareholders. Some of the other benefits of rights issue is often recognized in terms of the less stringent formalities in compare to IPO. The disclosure of the internal matter of the company is further constrained within the existing shareholders of the company. Rights issue will further allow Horseshoe Corporation to raise capital without changing the percentage holding of the existing shareholders (Kaplan Atkinson, 2015). Reference List David Myers CEcD, M. A. (2015). economies of scale.Economic Development Journal,14(3), 11. Economicshelp.org. (2017).Definition of economies of scale | Economics Help. [online] Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/microessays/costs/economies-scale/ [Accessed 13 Feb. 2017]. Kaplan, R. S., Atkinson, A. A. (2015).Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Rogoff, K. (2015). Costs and benefits to phasing out paper currency.NBER Macroeconomics Annual,29(1), 445-456.

The Second Son Of Donald And Nellie Ruth Pillsbury King Was Born On 19 Essay Example For Students

The Second Son Of Donald And Nellie Ruth Pillsbury King Was Born On 19 Essay 74 in Portland,Maine. His name was Stephen Edwin King. After his parents serpertion as a toddler,Stephen and his older brother, David, were raised by his mother. Stephen, David, andtheir mother lived in Fort Wayne, Indiana, which was where Stephens fathers side of thefamily lived. They then moved to Stratford, Connecticut, that was where Stephen Kingspent most of his childhood paying frequent visits to his mothers side of the family thatresided in Malden, Massachusetts and Pownal, Maine. Around his 11th anniversaryStephens mom moved to Durham, Maine, along with Stephen and his brother, to takecare of her parents, whom were to old to take care of themselves. We will write a custom essay on The Second Son Of Donald And Nellie Ruth Pillsbury King Was Born On 19 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Stephens school days were spent in the Durham Grammar School. He thenattended Lisbon Falls High School, graduating in 1966. He went to college at theUniversity of Maine at Orono, at which, during his spophomore year, he worte a weeklycolumn for THE MAINE CAMPUS. During his years at college he was opposed to thewar in Vietnam, declaring it unconstitutional. After his graduation in 1970 Stephen hadaquired a Bachelor of Science in English and immediately was qualified to teach at thehigh school level. As a student Stephen worked at the Folger Library, which was on the University ofMaine at Oronos campus. While working he met a fellow employee named TabithaSpruce, who he married in Janurary 1971. Stephen Kings first publication was a short story he wrote and sent to a mensmagazine. This is where his first profit from writing came from, throughout the few yearsafter his graduation he worte stories and sold them to mens magazines. All of these shortstories would be later gathered into a collection known as the Night Shift collection. Inthe fall of ?71 King was hired as a teacher at Hampden Academy, a public high school inHampden, Maine. He still found time to write short stories and work on his novel on theweekends and evenings. Kings first big break came on the spring of 1973 upon the acceptence ofDoubleday Co. to publish Stephen Kings novel Carrie. After learning from his neweditor, Bill Thompson, that a major paperback sale would make him financially secureenough to quit teaching, Stephen moved his now growing family to southern Mainebecause of his grandmothers ever growing sickness. During the writing of Salems LotStephens mother grew ill and died of cancer at the age of 59. Carrie was published in the spring of 1974. During the fall of the same year Kingmoved his family to Boulder, Colorado. Stephen King wrote The Shining in the half of ayear they lived in Colorado. They then returned to Maine in in the summer of ?75. It wasin his new house that King finished writing The Stand, which was set back in Boulder. Stephen King eventually moved back to the area around his college so he could teachcreative writing as a professor. Bibliographywww.horrorking.comwww.stephenking.com

A History of Immigration essays

A History of Immigration essays Bernard A. Weisberg refers in his articles title to the United States as a Nation of Immigrants rather than a unique, ancient grounded nation. As Joe R. Feagin states in his Racial and Ethnic Relations textbook: Immigration in the United States is its foundation, its uniqueness and its great strength. Weisberg particularly emphasizes this idea because some American people, especially of white-dominant ethnicity, have forgotten that. This is the base of a present day controversy that discusses whether the united States should give up its immigration status due to economic and political causes, actually originated since the first immigrant wave set on North American shore. According to our Western Civilization history, the first people to emigrate from Europe and colonized this North American land were the English, the Colonization migration of the XVII century. Some years after the first settlers arrived, the first British mass exodus landed from the Mayflower, approximately 155,000 in number, mostly as indentured servants, contracted for a specific term of years. Some Scottish and Irish-Scottish peoples came along with them, approximately 12,000 a year. The English government instituted later migrations to the British colonies. If not purposely driven out from their country, British people escaped from political and religious persecution towards such groups which included the Quakers, Sabbatarians, Anti-Sabbatarians, some Anabaptists, some independent, some Jews and a few Roman Catholics, as well as the German Mennonites (ancestors of the Amish) and other 225,000 colonists and the French Calvinists called Huguenots. The following biggest wave of migration was the one in which 84,500 chained Africans slaves were sent to the colonies to work on the land. The first joint-stock companies, formed by merchants under the law of James I, settled in Jamestown and this wa...

Free Essays on The Red Badge Of Courage

The Red Badge of Courage It is a story that realistically depicts the American Civil War through the eyes of Henry Fleming, an ordinary farm boy who decides to become a soldier. Henry, who is fighting for the Union, is very determined to become a hero, and the story depicts Henry’s voyage from being a young coward, to a brave man. The novel opens with a description of the fields at dawn, "As the landscape changed from brown to green, the army awakened, and began to tremble with eagerness at the noise of rumors" (43). It set in the south during the 19th century Civil War, and is the classic trip from innocence to experience. A river, amber-tinted in the shadow of its banks, flowed at the army’s feet, and at night it flowed in blackness and ". . . one could see across the red, eyelike gleam of the hostile camp-fires set in the low brows of the distant hills" (43). The setting is appropriate because it creates a image of a tense and suffering battlefield. Anything can happen to anyone and anyone can become anything. It is a place where a person could become a hero or another died body on a bloodshed field. The solders awake eager and a heated debate between the soldiers erupts. One boy had heard a rumor that the regiment would be moving on to fight a battle the next day. Some of the soldiers agree with this boy, while others think that their regiment will never partake in a real battle. While watching this argument, Henry, the protagonist, decides that he would rather go lay down and think rather then take part in the heated argument between the soldiers. Henry, a simple farm boy, is rather excited when he hears the rumor that they will be fighting soon. It had always been a dream of his to fight in a war, and become a hero, and now his dream was coming true. Henry begins to think about what life was like before he entered the army, and remembers the stories of war he has heard from old veterans. This flashback is very effective... Free Essays on The Red Badge Of Courage Free Essays on The Red Badge Of Courage The Red Badge of Courage It is a story that realistically depicts the American Civil War through the eyes of Henry Fleming, an ordinary farm boy who decides to become a soldier. Henry, who is fighting for the Union, is very determined to become a hero, and the story depicts Henry’s voyage from being a young coward, to a brave man. The novel opens with a description of the fields at dawn, "As the landscape changed from brown to green, the army awakened, and began to tremble with eagerness at the noise of rumors" (43). It set in the south during the 19th century Civil War, and is the classic trip from innocence to experience. A river, amber-tinted in the shadow of its banks, flowed at the army’s feet, and at night it flowed in blackness and ". . . one could see across the red, eyelike gleam of the hostile camp-fires set in the low brows of the distant hills" (43). The setting is appropriate because it creates a image of a tense and suffering battlefield. Anything can happen to anyone and anyone can become anything. It is a place where a person could become a hero or another died body on a bloodshed field. The solders awake eager and a heated debate between the soldiers erupts. One boy had heard a rumor that the regiment would be moving on to fight a battle the next day. Some of the soldiers agree with this boy, while others think that their regiment will never partake in a real battle. While watching this argument, Henry, the protagonist, decides that he would rather go lay down and think rather then take part in the heated argument between the soldiers. Henry, a simple farm boy, is rather excited when he hears the rumor that they will be fighting soon. It had always been a dream of his to fight in a war, and become a hero, and now his dream was coming true. Henry begins to think about what life was like before he entered the army, and remembers the stories of war he has heard from old veterans. This flashback is very effective...

Critical Review to Listening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical Review to Listening - Essay Example The chapter explains various listening strategies which teachers can employ and adapt according to the requirements and characteristics of their class. The author has introduced very creative and innovative teaching methodologies, for instance music and films. The plentiful illustrations suited to different levels and skills make this book a practical teaching resource. Listening is categorized into extensive and intensive listening, both integral for becoming proficient in language. The author emphasizes that like extensive reading, extensive listening helps one to build up vocabulary, rectify grammatical errors and concentrate upon how others deliver words, thus improving their own pronunciation. Extensive listening adds an extra dimension to learning since it encourages students to learn outside the class from a wide variety of sources such as CDs, television, radios. Putting curriculum on oral media will revolutionize study methods and present an opportunity for laid back students who despise reading through lengthy course books to switch to listening. Moreover, when a teacher will exhibit trust by making students responsible for the oral study media, it will establish a bond between them. The more he accentuates the worth of extensive listening, the greater the number of students who will pay heed. A similar purpose would be accomplished by as signing tasks and welcoming feedback from their end. Intensive listening despite its numerous disadvantages is an imperative teaching strategy as it breaks the monotony of the conventional teaching methods and also because of the portability and availability of audio material. Although, the author advocates that replaying audio would enhance the confidence of students; however, we should bear in mind that there are no replays in reality so it s crucial to tutor them to extract relevant information from a single hearing. The methodologies enumerated to regulate audio speed

As a senior partner in a marketing consultancy,short business report Assignment

As a senior partner in a marketing consultancy,short business report advising this client - Assignment Example The  troupe  of non-marketing  will have an influence on the marketing executives of the company and in their victory  to maintain good and long term  relationships  with old and new customers. The market environment for an organization or  business  is consist of the  macro environment  that includes external issues of the company or business like political, social, legal aspect with nation and local market and in other hand the  micro environment  which includes the internal issues of company like strength, weakness and opportunities of the company or business which influence in running an organization and its functional departments like finance, production, marketing etc. It will assist the Samsung Company to determine the external and internal forces that influence the company’s potential to fulfill the desire needs of their customers. The Samsung company will able to know that how to change their decisions regarding the economic factors and demographic, so they can implement better marketing strategy to engage more their customers. It also aids the company to analyze the current trend of the market and the requirement of the population of the market via technological and other natural’s factors. Through the help of marketing environment the Samsung company will able to deal with political and legal factors of nations. The marketing environment can be done through with the help of PESTLE analysis and SWOT analysis. PESTLE analysis aids the Samsung to know about of external force which may influence on their work, whereas SWOT analysis will aids to indentify the internal factors and capacity of the Samsung Company. Through this analysis the Samsung Company will capable to know the political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental forces, these are external factors. In other hand, strength,

Public Health Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Health - Personal Statement Example Particularly, our country Iraq is in dire need of help in the field of public health, a need that is exacerbated by the fact that most physicians in Iraq pursue clinical careers and thus, just a few of them work in public health. I therefore intend to pursue a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) course in Public Health. I am particularly requesting for admission for this course since I believe that it will give me an opportunity to fulfill my mission of aiding in the reconstruction and development of my country. My request for a chance to pursue a Master of Philosophy course in Public Health is not based on a passion for a title of a master program graduate, but on my passion to delve into Public Health thus actualizing my career objectives. I have a great interest of being part of the team that will bring the highly needed difference in our country’s health system, with an aim of promoting healthier lives thus enabling people to live their lives to the full. In addition, my interest for this MPhil program is very high and I have a strong will to engage in extensive research aimed at equipping myself with every of the essentials of public health profession – propelled by these, I have been attending relevant lectures, training conferences and courses. My academic background has laid a solid foundation for my enrolment for a Master of Philosophy course in Public Health – as earlier stated; I have started to attend relevant lectures, training courses and conferences. I have also completed various courses on topics such as field epidemiology, health system and administration, in addition to leadership and communications. In the course of my studies, I got immensely equipped with invaluable fundamental knowledge, which will be of great assistance on my enrolment for the MPhil program. In addition, my previous experiences in public health have prepared me for this program: I have been working

Wireless Sensor System for Rugby Impact Assessment

Wireless Sensor System for Rugby Impact Assessment There is plenty of advantages in playing sports, whether it is for pure pleasure or professionally, however this can carry irreversible consequences. Any injury is bad news and later on life the damage tends to come back ten times worse than when the injury first occurred. The worst of injuries are the ones that can cause brain damage, like concussions, which are really common in contact sports such as rugby. Do practitioners calculate the risk every time they take part in the respective contact sport, or do they just think about the present moment and carry on? Do practitioners know the consequences of brain damage such as dementia and memory loss, or do they think that dislocating a knew or a shoulder are the worst injuries that can happen as it would prevent them from playing, can injuries be prevented or reduced or will the game always be dangerous, these are a couple of question that I have and hope accomplish in the end of this project. A survey elaborated by me, allowed me to acquire different answers from 100 practitioners of different contact sports and it proved that most people dont know fully the risks of playing contact sports. Throughout the years, the rate and severity of injuries in sports have drastically increased. Athletes tend to become bigger, faster and stronger. In contact sports such as rugby, boxing, American football, etc., athletes and enthusiasts risk their health and well-being exposing their bodies to the stress and injuries present in sports. This thesis is more focused on head injuries, concussions to be specific. Concussions or any brain damage tend to affect the athletes mostly later on in life, causing dementia, permanent headaches, dizziness, difficulty concentrating or completing tasks, irritability, anxiety, memory loss, the list goes on. Anyone that has ever played a sport and had an injury, is now more aware than before of the risks of playing whatever sport the person was playing when the injury occurred. Not that being aware is going to prevent injuries, but at least the practitioner wont be surprised when something unexpected happens or at least the practitioner will be in a position where he can decide if is really worth the risk. 1.1. Motivation As a sports enthusiast I have always been interested in sport, and I have always practiced sports. Summer of 2012 I started playing American football, I loved the rush of the game and the fact that I was so fast that they couldnt catch me. As months went by, the whole team was getting ready for the beginning of the season, everyone was becoming bigger, faster, and stronger, and therefore the impacts during collisions and tackles were becoming more taxable on the body. It was part of the routine to do an exercise we used to call Bull fight, where we knock heads against each other so we can get used to the impact. The first time I did this I felt dizzy, but as a teenager I didnt think much about it. First game of the season, I was getting ready to score my first ever touchdown, I got tackled. I was unconscious on the floor for two minutes, they said. I was taken to the local doctor for a quick check up to make sure everything was ok with me. The doctor said that I most definitely have had concussion. After I have done some research into the topic, I kind of realised the risk I was exposing myself too, every time I carried an American football. When we talk about American football, every contact sport serves as example and in this dissertation we will focus more on rugby. My main motivation to do this project is the fact that I believe that a major part of the population that practices sports, specifically contact sports, dont know the consequences on the long run of doing so. I hope that with the realisation of this project I can create an impact towards sports enthusiasts like myself, not in a way to make them give up on the sport, but at least they will be aware of their actions, and maybe adopt the use of safer gear when playing the sport, as most players dont use the equipment available like the rugby helmet. And my question are: Do athletes or enthusiasts really know what type of circumstances and risks they are exposing themselves to? And can this injuries be prevented or can the risk exposure be reduced? 1.2.Aims and objectives The dissertation will focus on the design and testing of a neck portable system capable and efficient at monitoring the linear and angular head acceleration, which has been described as a very efficient way of assessing the force impact that players go through during practice or a serious game, as shall be demonstrated during this thesis. The main aims of this project is to conduct background research on rugby injuries statistics, accelerometers and portable sensors, to find the best design for this project, implement and test it using an Arduino chip, to calibrate the system against involuntary accelerations, to investigate the portability, usability and applicability in rugby and other contact sports, and to demonstrate the collected results and visualisation. In order to conclude this project successfully a general insight will be acquired through background research. Therefore the section 2.1 will represent an in depth research about injuries in rugby, a comparison between youngsters, seniors and professional players, section 2.2 will explain the concepts related to accelerometers, different types of accelerometers, price ranges, advantages and disadvantages of each, section 3 will focus on   the importance of measuring the linear and angular head acceleration, section 4 will explain the two different types of interface, SPI and I2C, and detail the I2C interface as is the interface that is going to be used during this project, section 5 will demonstrate the design and implementation of the project by displaying pictures of the first prototype, and final project, the reason why such design was chosen and all the steps followed, finally the section 6 will demonstrate all the testing done in different scenarios, and respective result s of the prototype and the final project, all represented using, graphs and tables . Since the project is also an investigation on how efficient the project is going to be during a game or practice, some ideas and small tests will be carried out in the end. An equipment of this category, will be really useful in any contact sport, as it will provide important information to monitor the force exerted towards a head, and carry on further studies in the area of concussions and other brain damages that frequently occur in rugby players, or other athletes performing contact sports. It can also increase the attention towards adopting safer protective gear. 2.1 Rugby injuries Head injuries are really frequent in contact sports such as rugby, occurring more in situations like the scrum, head impacts on the floor, etc. The most common head injury is called concussion, however thats the most minor kind of head injury (Lava). A concussion occurs at 90 to 100 g-force, equivalent to a head impact of 20mph (Gorgens, 1). 65% of head injuries occurred in rugby are laceration, 17% concussions and 9% are fractures to the skull (Kaplan et al. 91). Due to the high chance of head injury, the RFU (Rugby Football Union) has found ways to prevent these unfortunate situations. Some of them being laws, regulations, guideline based on research evidence, concussion awareness, first aider and health care and professional player testing courses. Rugby Union is on a pinnacle of success and popularity (Edgar, 1995), this attracts the media, the media attracts the population, therefore the interest for the sport, practitioners, researches and experiments increase exponentially as well, placing more emphasis on finding ways to protect our athletes. A study carried out by UU at schools in Northern Ireland discovered a high rate of severe injury in rugby to rugby players in schools (Meredith, 2016). A total of 825 students from 28 different school teams participated in the study during 2014/2015, which resulted in 426 injuries, 204 of them resulting in an incapability of practicing the sport for an average of four weeks. One in four rugby players will suffer an injury, 55% of the injuries occur during a tackle, 78% of concussions specifically occur during a tackle, 13% are knee injuries, 7% hand injuries, 10% concussions, 11% ankle injuries, 10% shoulder ligament injuries and 5% shoulder dislocation. After calculating it reveals that it occurs three concussions per team. Young athletes are more vulnerable to concussion and may be affected by more complicated recovery times and higher risk of adverse outcomes. (Meredith, 2016). On 29 Of January of 2011 a drastically accident happened to a young player, 14 years old named Ben Robin son while playing rugby union for his school team. During the game he had three impacts to the head, on each impact he was taken off the field and put back, on the fourth impact he collapsed and died later on in the hospital (Bull, 2013). As cases like the death of Ben Robinson happen once in a while it will automatically increase the urgent increase for awareness, researches and solutions to this problem. Enforcing the laws of the game is definitely one, thats things like looking at the height of the tackle, ensuring that its interpreted properly, and teaching good tackling technique, (Bleakley, 2015). Some rules that could be applied would be in case of a brain injury like concussion the player shouldnt play for at least 30 days, like applied in boxing, the player shouldnt have to play under effect of pharmaceuticals to dont feel the damage caused by the injury suffered, among other rules. Rugby is the sport with highest risk of injury. It was stated that Paradoxically at the international level, where the game is fastest and most spectacular, evidence shows that fitness and experience considerably reduce the injury rate. (Addley and Farren, 1988), however a research carried out in English premiership academy and schools rugby union, concluded that the rate of injuries in academy and school youth rugby union and fairly lower than the rate of risks recorded for senior elite rugby union (Palmer-Green, Trewartha and Stokes, 2009). Personally I dont agree with the first statement, as the higher the level of the game, the higher the physical characteristics of the players and the faster the pace of the game, which increases the strength of collision involved. As the years go by, the rugby rules have been changing trying to create a safer way to play the game, however is still not good enough, It still a really high chance of injury by playing the sport. Is understandable if someone adult knows the risk of playing the game, accepts it and takes responsibility upon any consequences, but maybe anyone under 18 that is not capable of making the best decisions shouldnt play such an aggressive game or at least with not as much contact as they do. 2.2 Accelerometers An accelerometer senses positive and negative accelerations of a body. It works by sensing the acceleration of gravity and allows us as well based on the results produced, to calculate the direction of the acceleration. It uses the technology MEMS, that stands for Microelectromechanical systems, however thats the term used in the United States of America, In United Kingdom the term used is MST, that stands for microsystems technology (Maluf and Williams, 2004). MEMS are similar to an integrated circuit but they are mechanical. The technique used to make MEMS are the same as the technique used to make electronics, microfabrication, but instead its made small mechanical structures that can interface with electronics (Afrotechmods, 2014). Acceleration is the rate at which the velocity of a body changes with time (Nisticà ², 2013). Accelerometers can be used for different applications. They can be used for automotive applications such as airbags control, motion sensing, GPS, navigation. They can be used in seismometers, camera stabilization, to play games, smartphones, etc. 2.2.1 Sensing functions An accelerometer has six sensing functions: Movement covers motion control and general movement detection Fall identifies that a large impact is highly likely to happen. Can be used for motion control Tilt can be applied to mobile phones to detect whether is facing up or down, text scrolling, lcd projection, user interfacing, image rotating, camera stability, etc. Positioning requires more complex algorithms than the others. It can be used in a GPS and personal navigation Shock Can be used in situations of shipping and handling, car event data recorders and hard disk drive protection Vibration Mostly used in cases where high sensitivity and high frequency accelerometers are needed. Such as seismic activity monitors and acoustics For every situation there will be the best choice of accelerometer, as every range of acceleration has different applications. For example fault detection and tilt control is in the range of 1G to 2G, shock detection lands on the 2G to 8G range, vibration 8G to 10G range, an odometer 20G to 30G range, a car crash can range from 20G to 250G and a bullet can go up to 5000G (G. Ogden, 1895). When measuring free fall the values can be positive or negative, and for best results it requires a height of at least one meter. There is three types of freefall, linear, rotational and projectile. A linear freefall, is when there is a drop from certain height straight to the, a rotational freefall is the same as the linear freefall, however a spin or rotation is added to the travel of the body, the projectile freefall is when the body is thrown away, and it includes horizontal movement as well as a vertical movement and it will also have a small rotation (FarnellElectronics, 2011).When measuring the tilt, there is some things to take in consideration. The accelerometer needs to be mounted in a way so the axis of sensitivity is parallel to the surface used. The formula used to calculate the output is the follow: Vout = sensitivity of the accelerometer multiplied by 1G times the tilt of the angle plus the offset voltage of the accelerometer. The output can vary from -1G to 1G, and de tects angles from -90 to 90 degrees (FarnellElectronics, 2011). There is some considerations needed to be taken when measuring the position. First is the displacement, how far the accelerometer will be moving to detect the change in movement. The range of the device is really important. If its going to be tested on a person, is going to be produced a higher G force and requires an accelerometer that supports a higher G force range, If its going to be a very small change such as a mouse it requires an accelerometer with a really high sensitivity (CH Robotics, 2017). When measuring shock the biggest thing to consider is the G-range. The accelerometers uses the deceleration of the object to determine the shock, like tapping or a car crash. To measure the vibration, the closer the accelerometer is from the vibration source, the higher the G value (Morrow, 1974). For measure vibration the most important thig is the frequency of the vibration, the second thing to consider is the G range, similar to previous situations, for every application there will be a different type of accelerometer, and where the accelerometer is mounted will affect the readings as well. Below is represented on how the g force is spread through the axis: 2.2.2 Main types Between a DC- response accelerometer and an AC-response accelerometers, DC is the most recommended one as AC-response accelerometers cant measure static accelerations, slow vibrations or sustained accelerations due to being AC coupled. The main types of accelerometers are the ones listed below. Capacitive DC coupled. Produces an output based on capacitance changes. They are smaller and cheaper than the average accelerometer (Mineta et al. 431-435). They are mostly found in phones, gaming platforms (Wii, Xbox, etc) Piezo resistive DC coupled. Produces an output based on the resistance changes, under strain gauges that are part of the accelerometers seismic mass. Commonly used in shock events due to its high frequency range, amplitude and wide bandwidth (Partridge et al. 58-62). They are very accurate, as they can measure as low as 0 Hz, but they are not a good choice to test low frequency vibrations due to lack of sensitivity (Voldamn 2007). Piezoelectric AC coupled. Produces an output based on an electric charge proportional to the force suffered under acceleration. Mostly used for test and measurement roles, due to its high frequency, sensitivity and simplicity (Tian et al. 2). However because they are not DC coupled, is a bad choice in situations with high displacement or velocity as it cant detect low vibrations, or high acceleration levels. Below is listed in a resumed way the characteristics of each accelerometer. Application Piezoelectric Capacitive Piezo resistive Static acceleration G force Seismic Low frequency vibration General vibration High frequency vibration General shock High impact shock Extreme shock References   Addley, K and J Farren. Irish Rugby Injury Survey: Dungannon Football Club (1986-87).. British Journal of Sports Medicine 22.1 (1988): 22-24. Web. 21 Feb. 2017. Afrotechmods,. How An Accelerometer Works!. 2014. Web. 22 Feb. 2017. Bleakley, C. (2015). Research on youth rugby injuries in Northern Ireland. theBMJ, p.3. Bull, A. (2013). Death of a schoolboy: why concussion is rugby unions dirty secret. Theguardian, [online] pp.1-3. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/dec/13/death-of-a-schoolboy-ben-robinson-concussion-rugby-union [Accessed 22 Feb. 2017]. Edgar, M. (1995). Tackling rugby injuries. The Lancet, 345(8963), pp.1452-1453. FarnellElectronics, (2011). Low-g Accelerometers Part 1 Basic Knowledge of Accelerometers. [image] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84tRSPNgbYs [Accessed 22 Feb. 2017]. Gorgens, Kim, University of Denver. Most Concussions Deliver 95 Gs, Neuropsychologist Says. ScienceDaily 2016: 1. Web. 11 Nov. 2016. G. Ogden, H. (1895). GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS. Science, [online] 1(21), pp.571-573. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1623694?seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents [Accessed 22 Feb. 2017]. Kaplan, Kevin et al. Rugby Inuries. Bulletin of the NYU Hospital 66.2 (2008): 91. Web. 11 Nov. 2016. Lava, Neil. Concussion: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments. WebMD Medical Reference. N.p., 2016. Web. 11 Nov. 2016. Maluf, Nadim and Kirt Williams. An Introduction To Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering. 1st ed. Boston, Mass. [u.a.]: Artech House, 2004. Print. Meredith, R. (2016). Schoolboy rugby: UU study finds high rate of severe injury. BBC News, [online] p.1. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-35636594 [Accessed 22 Feb. 2017]. Mineta, T et al. Three-Axis Capacitive Accelerometer With Uniform Axial Sensitivities. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 6.4 (1996): 431-435. Web. Morrow, C. (1974). Literature Review : Application of Bk eQuipment To Mechanical Vibration and Shock Measurements J. T. Brock. The Shock and Vibration Digest, 6(12), pp.86-87. Nisticà ², A. (2013). Working principle of a capacitive accelerometer. Palmer-Green, Dr Debbie, Dr Grant Trewartha, and Dr Keith Stokes. Report On Injury Risk In English Youth Rugby Union. Sport, Health Exercise Science, University of Bath, 2009. Web. 21 Feb. 2017. Tian, Bian et al. Design Of A Piezoelectric Accelerometer With High Sensitivity And Low Transverse Effect. Sensors 16.10 (2016): 2. Web. Using Accelerometers to Estimate Position and Velocity | CH Robotics. (2017). [online] Chrobotics.com. Available at: http://www.chrobotics.com/library/accel-position-velocity [Accessed 23 Feb. 2017]. Voldamn, Joel. A Capacitive Accelerometer. 2007. Lecture.

Homosexuality Essay -- Sexual Orientation Homosexuals Essays

Homosexuality Homosexuality is the sexual orientation toward people of the same sex. This contrasts with heterosexuality, which is being attracted with individuals of the opposite sex. Female homosexuals are referred to as Lesbians. In recent years, the term gay has been applied to both homosexual women and men. Homosexuality appears in virtually all-social contexts – "within different community settings, socioeconomic levels, and ethnic and religious groups" (Web Page #2). Although the number of homosexuals in the population is difficult to determine, a safe estimate is that approximately 2 to 4 percent of men may apply themselves to the term homosexual. Through the years the general acceptance of the previously labeled unorthodox, sexual preference has varied. The extremes include brutality towards gays too as far as a homosexual holding a public office while declaring his sexual preference. Attitudes toward homosexual behavior have varied in the time and place of history. In Greece, homosexual relations were acceptable and in certain cases, expected activity in certain segments of society. The term lesbian is derived from an erotic poet named Sappho. Sappho was quite frank about her affairs with men and women. Much of her poetry dealt with her homosexual liaisons. Because of this the term lesbian was adopted after Sappho’s home island of Lesbos. Later attitudes in the Western world were determined largely by prevailing Judeo-Christian moral codes, which treat homosexuality as immoral and sinful. But like many other sins, homosexual relations were seen as expressions of the weakness inherent in all human beings, and not as a ment... ...o legitimize discrimination against homosexuals. In the 1990’s some U.S. states tried to restrict laws that protect homosexuals from discrimination. With homosexuals increasing by the acceptance by the general population, one may ponder on how this effects humans versus nature. The human race is far perplexed by their doing to fathom what characteristics cause us to defy or obey nature. The real question is: How well does the human race understand nature and it’s genius. If the world slows it’s progression for a slight variety of sexuality, then who says we’re advanced? In order to thoroughly comprehend how the human race is able to exist in the most efficient, and environmentally supportive manner, one is forced to focus on our similarities rather than our differences. Sources Cited http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562012/Homosexuality.html

Sino-African win-win Policy under the One Belt One Road

Literature review: Sino-African win-win Policy under the One Belt One Road initiative: Who invests more wins more? ABSTRACT: Purpose – The main objective of this review is to assess thoroughly the Sino-African relations across time and now the newly introduced â€Å"One Belt One Road† (OBOR) initiative especially the contribution to academic literature. The focus is on the major events that marked the story of Africa since China developed an interest until the new OBOR initiative and the conclusion highlights the importance on the study by comparing and contrasting the different perspectives in previous literature. Approach – We considered an integrated and comprehensive literature based on a qualitative approach, we performed a content analysis of highly relevant and impactful papers. Findings – In this paper, we analyze usually controversial issues and express our viewpoints to conclude. However, the controversies remain a hot topic for further research works to be handled with different methodologies and new theoretical approach. Implicit assumptions may always exist in terms of a quantitative assessment of the benefits from the China-Africa relations. Major differences in narratives exist between Western and Southern stakeholders. Limitations and Implications – The conclusions from the work could be supported by additional research by considering a wider scope of the analysis. To give more clarifications to the empirical findings, more works needed to be done using quantitative data and qualitative evidence that extend beyond the usual economic and geographical limits as well as the socio-political limits. Value – This paper reviews decades of research on China in Africa and presents a snapshot of the recent OBOR initiative. It further draws attention to the necessity for subsequent literature to explore new methods of analysis for better understanding of the China-Africa relations and the role each part plays to the sustainability of this cooperation. Keywords: Africa, China, relationship, One Belt One Road.

All About the Empire State Building

All About the Empire State Building The Empire State Building is one of the most famous buildings in the world. It was the tallest building in the world when it was built in 1931 and kept that title for nearly 40 years. In 2017, it was ranked as the fifth tallest building in the United States, topping out at 1,250 feet. The total height, including the lightning rod, is 1,454 feet, but this number is not used for ranking. It is located at 350 Fifth Avenue (between 33rd and 34th streets) in New York City. The Empire State Building is open every day from 8 a.m. to 2 a.m., making possible romantic late-night visits to the observation decks. The Building of the Empire State Building Construction began in March 1930, and it was officially opened on May 1, 1931, when then-President Herbert Hoover pushed a button in Washington and turned on the lights.The ESB was designed by the architects Shreve, Lamb Harmon Associates and built by Starrett Bros. Eken. The building cost $24,718,000 to build, which was nearly half the expected cost because of the effects of the  Great Depression.   Though rumors of hundreds of people dying on the work site circulated during the time of its construction, official records say that only five workers died. One worker was struck by a truck; a second fell down an elevator shaft; a third was hit by a hoist; a fourth was in a blast area;  a fifth fell off a scaffold. Inside the Empire State Building The first thing you encounter as you enter the Empire State Building is the lobby - and what a lobby this is. It was restored in 2009 to its authentic art deco design that includes ceiling murals in 24-karat gold and aluminum leaf. On the wall is an iconic  image of the building with light flowing from its mast. The ESB has two observation decks. The one on the 86th floor, the main deck, is the highest open-air deck in New York.  This is the deck thats been made famous in countless movies; two iconic ones are An Affair to Remember and Sleepless in Seattle. From this deck, which wraps around the spire of the ESB, you get a 360-degree view of New York that includes the Statue of Liberty, Brooklyn Bridge, Central Park, Times Square and the Hudson and East rivers. The top deck of the building, on the 102nd floor, gives you the most stunning view possible of New York and a birds-eye view of the street grid, impossible to see from a lower level. On a clear day you can see for 80 miles, says the ESB website. The Empire State Building also houses shops and restaurants that include the State Bar and Grill, which serves breakfast, lunch and dinner in an art deco setting. Its off the 33rd Street lobby. Besides all these touristy attractions, the Empire State Building is home to rentable space for businesses. The ESB has 102 floors, and if youre in good shape and want to walk from street level to the 102nd floor, you will climb 1,860 steps. Natural light shines through 6,500 windows, which also afford spectacular views of Midtown Manhattan. Empire State Building Lights Since 1976 the ESB has been lit up to mark celebrations and events. In 2012, LED lights were installed - they can display 16 million colors that can be changed in an instant. To find out the lights schedule, check the Empire State Building website, linked above.

Free Essays on Whats Exsistence

Is it possible that nothing exists in the universe besides yourself? Is it possible that the people and things you see around you are all products of your own mind like a dream? How could you show that other things exist in the universe besides yourself and your ideas? It is very possible that we all are living in one big dream. Everything around us could just be an idea in our mind, which makes it seem like they exist. There is also the thought that things actually do exist. I feel that if it is actually in existence, then you can see, touch, hear, or smell them. Using our senses help with what is there and what is not. If you cannot see, touch, hear, or smell something, then it does not exist. The way you can show that other things exist in the universe is by using your senses. For example, if there’s a desk sitting in front of you and you reach out and can touch it, then it exists. Or if any kind of object is touchable, it exists. It truly is hard to explain the existence of things, but using our senses is the easiest way to prove anything. Another way of showing existence or proving existence is by proven facts or by word, or even by experimenting. Like when you sit down with your grandfather and he tells you a story of how something had happened twenty years ago, that actually happened and existed but you can’t see it, because it had happened before your time. That is just proof, because somebody else actually went through it. Also, if a scientist tries to prove the existence of say an atom, that kind of fact has already been proven through scientific experiments. With the experiments, they that something does exist even though you can’t see it with a human eye, but it is there with a microscope. By experimenting, you can prove existence of non-visible objects, and by being able to see them one way or another, then they’re actually there. Another way of experimenting, for example, is say you take a... Free Essays on Whats Exsistence Free Essays on Whats Exsistence Is it possible that nothing exists in the universe besides yourself? Is it possible that the people and things you see around you are all products of your own mind like a dream? How could you show that other things exist in the universe besides yourself and your ideas? It is very possible that we all are living in one big dream. Everything around us could just be an idea in our mind, which makes it seem like they exist. There is also the thought that things actually do exist. I feel that if it is actually in existence, then you can see, touch, hear, or smell them. Using our senses help with what is there and what is not. If you cannot see, touch, hear, or smell something, then it does not exist. The way you can show that other things exist in the universe is by using your senses. For example, if there’s a desk sitting in front of you and you reach out and can touch it, then it exists. Or if any kind of object is touchable, it exists. It truly is hard to explain the existence of things, but using our senses is the easiest way to prove anything. Another way of showing existence or proving existence is by proven facts or by word, or even by experimenting. Like when you sit down with your grandfather and he tells you a story of how something had happened twenty years ago, that actually happened and existed but you can’t see it, because it had happened before your time. That is just proof, because somebody else actually went through it. Also, if a scientist tries to prove the existence of say an atom, that kind of fact has already been proven through scientific experiments. With the experiments, they that something does exist even though you can’t see it with a human eye, but it is there with a microscope. By experimenting, you can prove existence of non-visible objects, and by being able to see them one way or another, then they’re actually there. Another way of experimenting, for example, is say you take a...

Elisa and Ellen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Elisa and Ellen - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that Elisa has quietly asked her boss to consider extending her health benefits to her spouse and this is still in negotiation. Elisa and Ellen have been together for seven years. They are committed same sex partners and they have a home together. They were "married" after five years and they have lived as any heterosexual couple would live. They understand that there are no laws that protect them but Ellen works only part-time because she is also going to school to gain her bachelors degree. Elisas firm offers academic reimbursement and healthcare to the spouses of heterosexual couples but they do not extend them to homosexuals. They do not have to offer these benefits and most do not. Elisa may have to take a few days off from work when Ellen has the baby which would be allowable if they were a heterosexual couple. Elisa will have to take her vacation days if she wants to take off because there are no provisions for partner leave. Most benefits are given to "married couples" when someone works in a job and gays and lesbians cannot marry in most states. Beyond healthcare and leave, there are other issues of retirement income. Currently Ellen would not be able to collect retirement benefits if something happened to Elisa because they are not married. Although Elisa can make Ellen the beneficiary there are no laws that would give her the retirement if someone from Elisas family would contest it.

Critical response to idiot nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical response to idiot nation - Essay Example The quality of the education system is for example poor in relation to standards in other countries. The fact that American college students cannot tackle mathematical concepts learnt at elementary levels in some countries is an indication that these other countries are equipping their students in a better way than the American system. The notion that American education system fails to motivate students into academic achievements is also true. No one can for example refute the fact that American students would prefer life outside school to learning. Even in school, students are comfortable with, are more interested in extra curriculum activities than studies, and would be identified in peer discussions. As a result, time and effort for developing an intelligent nation is lost. Poor facilities that exist in schools also explain, to some extent, the lack of motivation in education because other social factors such as sports and entertainment have facilities that are more attractive tha n academic institutions

Wicked Environmental Problems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wicked Environmental Problems - Research Paper Example This mixture of water, sand, and chemicals will hold the fractures open and let the gas trapped inside seep back through the drilled holes to the surface. This process has the problem of the quantity of water and chemicals used. The process has its benefits in the clean fuel and economic growth. This paper will explain the negative impacts of the process and why the negative impacts are difficult to manage. Negative Environmental Impact Drilling in Allegany county of Marcellus Shale seems like a brilliant idea and an excellent opportunity that many people seek to explore. There are many flaws, however, associated with this renowned energy source. This paper only discusses the proven and documented problems. First, the focus is on the many gallons of water that will be utilized in the process. In the drilling process, to retrieve the gas, approximately four million gallons of water are required (Campbell and Laherrere 79). This water is harnessed form the nearby rivers and streams and is used until the whole process is completed. Some may say that this volume of water is insignificant compared to the average water from the municipal council that is used on a daily basis (Campbell and Laherrere 83). The water from the municipal council is used in homes and institutions, whereas the water used in the drilling process is said to be a consumptive water loss; this water does not return to the water cycle, and most of it remains deep in the ground for many years. Regulation measures should be provided to ensure that the demand for water is not as high as to debilitate the local waterways (Olsthoorn and Anna 23). Water is just one of the many ingredients of the drilling process. The second alarming concern lies in the many chemicals that are used for the effective retrieval of the gas and to hold open the cracks in the earth. These chemicals include benzene, kerosene, hydraulic acid neurotoxins, and many other dangerous chemicals (Harvey 90). For each drilling process, more than 15,000 gallons of these harmful chemicals are used. The chemicals are transported via large trucks to the drilling site where they are mixed with water. The procedure of mixing the two is risky – if a spill occurs even in small scale, the great concentration of the chemicals will have many devastating effects on human health and the environment. Small scale spills are a common occurrence and collectively these small spills have a large cumulative impact (Harvey 96). Handling and treatment of the waste water that is generated is the other problem that is associated with the drilling process. The current municipal water treatment facilities are not equipped to handle the chemicals (Marion 44). Proper treatment of the waste water is an expensive process, and, in most cases, the water is left to sit in man-made ponds, which pose significant threat to the human population in the area due to potential leaks and the wild animals that may wander into the exposed chemical p onds. Such infractions have been witnessed in the drilling processes in Pennsylvania (Marion 28). Environmentalists have claimed that the process of hydro-fracking is an extremely detrimental to the water supply and natural habitat. The process has become controversial and has received a lot of debate in the recent years (Cunningham and Mary 34). A significant amount of forestland loss and surface damage should be available for an area to undergo the process of hydro-fracking. The effect is elevated when there are multiple drill sits and an increased number of access roads. The environmentalists have argued that the process causes earthquakes and many explosions above the ground and is responsible for draining stream water, which is a precious resource in many places (Cunningham and

Grief Counseling and Process Intervention Essay Example for Free

Grief Counseling and Process Intervention Essay Abstract Grief comes in different forms and affects each person differently. Webster’s dictionary describes grief as â€Å"deep sadness caused especially by someones death, a cause of deep sadness, and trouble or annoyance†. Grief is associated with loss; loss of people, place, or thing. It is a universal experience that happens to all life. In multicultural counseling a counselor should be able to effectively treat and deal with the issues of grief, as they relate to divers groups. The boundaries between normal and complicated grief is a process. The factors of cultural, social and religious influence, also influences the grief and the level of anxiety that is raised due to that grief. Different people behave differently on the same sort of loss, and this makes it important to understand the impact which the loss has on the person. This diversity warrants further research on the topic of grief counseling and process interventions which have to be chosen in different circumstances with different people. Grief Counseling and Process Intervention Grief is a common reality of everyone’s life and almost all have to go through a phase where the loss is too big to handle. Altmaier (2011) states that, the strength of anxiety, stress and grief from a loss depends on the closeness and importance of that lost thing in the life of the person. Many researchers (Ober, et al., 2012; Howarth, 2011; Breen, 2011) have highlighted that death is one of the typical forms of complex loss that most people experienced at least once in their lives. The bereavement of loss of life can be far more devastating to an individual’s behavior and social functioning than any other type of losses. Such bereavement is common in  all cultures and there can seldom be a person who is not disturbed about the loss of a loved one (Howarth, 2011). However, the social detachment and the level of anxiety and depression after the loss can vary from culture to culture, closeness of relation with the deceased one, and the nature of the person. For this reason group counselors have to study and understand the nature and level of grief in order to use the correct strategy and process intervention for grief recovery (Altmaier, 2011). Discussion The term ‘best practices’ has been used in relation with group counseling to analyze the practices that are mostly applicable with people in grief (Kato Mann, 2009). However, several researchers (Baier Buechsel, 2012; Ober, 2011) have canceled out this term and claimed that each case would stand different and unique from the other. Because of this, generalizing the grief counseling process and intervention can be unsuccessful. Understanding the varied state of mind and grief symptoms of anger, depression, loneliness, anxiety and other symptoms are necessary for group counseling (Baier Buechsel, 2012). The Impact of Loss and Bereavement The research of Sussman (2011) founds that the grief and bereavement after a loss has different impacts on males, females and children. It has been discovered that men cope with a loss and their state of depression more quickly than women and children. The beginning of this fact can be related to the natural characteristics and the sensitivity of each individual, which is greater in women and children than in men. Stroebe, et al., (2009) separated the impact of loss into three phases and has illustrated that every individual that has experienced a loss will go through these three phases. The first phase is the instant shock where the person is in a mid-state of accepting the loss. Many people take a long time to accept the fact that a certain loss has occurred (Stroebe, Stroebe, Hansson, 2009). This has been a common view in the cases of deaths of loved ones, particularly with females and young children. This stage has the first reactions of mourning, yelling, protesting, showing anger and frustration loudly and not welcoming the occurrence of the loss (Howarth, 2011). In the second phase the loss is accepted mentally, but there remains the after  effects of the loss, in the form of social impairment and detachment of the person from the social group and/or preferring to be alone (Stroebe, Stroebe, Hansson, 2009). This is the phase where the counselors needs to get involved and observe the symptoms of the person and the duration of the loss event to know the technique and structure that needs to be used in such a situation Higgins (2009). The third phase of acceptance, is on in which the person accepts the loss and develops the belief that nothing can change the reality and life has to move on (Stroebe, Stroebe, Hansson, 1999). Allumbach Hoyt (2009) focuses the fact that grief counseling should not be stopped early in this phase, as there are chances that the patient could return to the second phase again (Allumbach Hoyt, 2009). The concept of cognitive therapy is introduced to be sure that the complete transaction of the person in grief takes place from the second phase of emotional distress and pain to the third phase of recovering and moving on with the life by suppressing the memories of the loss person or thing (Altmaier, 2011). A complex perspective of the grief loss is in the context of young children. Malkinson (2010) underlines the cognitive learning procedure of humans and explains that children from age two- five do not have a solid understanding of loss or death (Malkinson, 2010). They carry likelihood that whatever is gone will return back one day. This is typical in the case of their deceased pets, siblings or parents. As they go into adolescence they develop a better understanding of death and that the departed will not return. A loss of loved one at this stage can be very challenging because the child is already dealing with the questions of self-identity and life-direction. This type of loss can block the mindset, behavior and thinking capability of the child Higgins (2009). Process, Intervention, and Structure Several theorists have addressed the fact that after a loss people usually feel lonely and prefer to be alone as they cannot fill the space made by the loss object or person (Watson West 2006). A person being bankrupted and losing all his life savings in a flash has a high chance of getting isolated from the society and ending up as a depression patient or with physical disorders like brain tumor, high blood pressure or other disorders that happen due to stress and tension (Watson West 2006). If a therapist is consulted in such a scenario then the first thing to do is to understand  beliefs and conjectures which the person is carrying regarding the loss. They may think that people will make fun of them or they will lose their social status. They also may think that they will not be able to take care of their family and children etc. These are the thoughts that the person develops in the second phase of loss. They can become mentally and emotionally weak, not able to look at the brighter side of the scenario or what is left (Baier Buechsel, 2012). In the Task-Oriented Approach forwarded by Doel (2006), Eaton Roberts (2002) shows that the mechanism of motor performance of each individual suffering from losses processed and structured with a technique to make the person believe that the intensity and level of loss is not as big as it is perceived by the person. In his study Doel (2006) defines the practice of using volunteers who can form group with the person to be treated and the volunteers. They will act if they have not had a much greater loss and can share how they have coped with it. This has proved to be a good strategy if conducted in a proper fashion and establishing that the events described by other are similar in nature but unique from one another (Eaton Roberts, 2002). The second task is of helping the person to erase the old memories related to that person, business or any other object. The motif here is not to separate the person from the loss, but to lessen the grief and bereavement that is closely associated to the memories of the loss (Eaton Roberts, 2002). The task oriented intervention for grief counseling shows great limitations when it is implied for the grief therapy of parents who have lost their young children in an accident or been killed. Such cases were abundant after the devastating event of 9/11 and a lot of parents showed little or no recovery by the use of task oriented process and stayed in their state of depression and emotional pain. Brown (2006) has forwarded the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Model for the grief counseling of people in complicated bereavement like those who have experienced sudden death of a loved one, particularly their children. The ground of this intervention is due to the difference between the rational and the irrational thinking of the distressed people. Irrational thinking makes them perceive their lives to be intolerable without the existence of the deceased one (Brown, 2006). In the CBT process, close bonds are developed with such people and they are given the chance to express the effect of such a loss on their present and future.  This presumption, usually based on irrational thinking, is first replicated by other irrational support (Malkinson, 2010). For example, if a mother has lost her child then she is made to believe that her child will be remembered as the one who sacrificed his/her life and he/she would have attained a higher state in the heaven. The parallel of the irrational thinking with other irrational belief was carried out in the study of Cigno (2006) on ‘Cognitive-behavioral practice’ with 18 mothers and 11 fathers whom children became victim of the street crimes or terrorist activities. Cigno found out that 72.4% of the parents in this research showed signs of improvement and were able to enter the second phase of loss grief to the third phase. At this stage, activities of social engagement and task oriented approach can be available to ensure maximum grief recovery of those people (Cigno, 2006). The Complicated Grief Intervention Model (CGIM) To empower the counselors and the social workers in treating complicated grief, there is a need of a model that can define the approach and plan of counselors when they are dealing with a bereaved person (Morris, 2006). The grief of loss of the loved one, a major business downfall or other losses which have a great impact on the outlook of one’s life can be included in complicated grief. The counselor assesses the need and the present condition of the bereaved one in the first step of the model. This is not limited to the emotional state, but also to the practical side; the work and family responsibilities of the bereaved one that are affected by the disposition of the person. These things can be assessed by using the narrative technique and asking the people about their stories related to the lost person or object. A secondary assessment is also suggested where the friends or family members of the bereaved one are interviewed to know the extent of grief (Altmaier, 2011). When the counselor prescribes activities or medicines to the bereaved person this is the second stage is of intervention. It has been a common observation by many researchers (Watson West, 2006; Silversides, 2011; Morris (2006) that counselors are not result-oriented in their intervention. Silversides (2011) discusses that many counselors do not plan the outcome of the activity and they do not regularly evaluate the success of the activity. Because of this practice the recovery is temporary. There have been cases reported to have developed the  same state of depression and grief after the therapy was over (Silversides, 2011). For instance, if a hobby is suggested to the bereaved person to exercise, some of the questions that need to be answered are: what will be the duration of the exercise? What end results it will bring or tend to bring? How will it help the bereaved person to replicate the negative irrational thinking with positive irrational thinking? What will be the consequences of the exercise after it is discontinued for more than 6 months? What will be the approach if the person develops the same state of mind again? Answering these questions prior to starting the intervention strategy will raise the probability of achieving desired results over the anticipated time (Drenth, Herbst, Strydom, 2010). It is evident that some part of the therapy, like counseling sessions and workshops cannot last forever and they need to be stopped after some period, while few of the routine activities can be carried on for a much longer period as the person wants to. It is necessary for the social worker or counselor to understand the significance of the activities and which are for finite period, and analyze if there would be a need to prolong, modify or substitute it with another activity as per the requirement of the person (Johnsen, Dyregrov, Dyregrov, 2012). It is both natural and biblical to grieve. The reality is that no matter how happy those who have gone are, and how much they gain by the move, the loss is suffered , and trying to live in denial of this reality is not heroic but caving in to social or religious pressure that is not of God. There is much evidence that those who confront their inner pain head-on, heal quickest. Inner pain will gradually retreat when we face it, but it will keep haunting us if we run from it. â€Å"Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned everyone to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all (Isaiah 53:4-6, KJV). Conclusion Grief is a natural occurring and almost every human goes through this phenomenon at some point of time in his or her life. The extent of grief is dependent on factors of closeness with the lost person or thing and the  rational and irrational thinking that the person has developed after the loss. The state of complex grief or bereavement occurs mostly in the case of losing the love ones and entering into the state of loneliness, anger and depression. The degree of these symptoms is more pronounced in teen agers and women. It is for this reason that counselors have to understand the nature and extent of the grief and the irrational thinking that have been developed as a result to prescribe a therapy or activity that best suits the need of the bereaved one. References Allumbach, L., Hoyt, W. (2009). Effectiveness of grief therapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology , 46, 370–380. Altmaier, E. (2011). Best Practices in Counselling Grief and Loss: Finding Benefit From Trauma. Journal of Mental Health Counseling , 33 (1), 33-47. Baier, M., Buechsel, R. (2012). A model to help bereaved individuals understand the grief process. Mental Health Practice, 16(1), 28-32. Breen, L. (2011). Professionals experiences of grief counseling: implications for bridging the gap between research and practice. Omega, 62(3), pp. 285-303. Brown, H.C., 2006, ‘Counseling’, in R. Adams, L. Dominelli M. Payne (eds.), Social work. Themes, issues and critical debates, pp. 139–148, Palgrave, London. Cigno, K., 2006, ‘Cognitive-behavioral practice’, in R. Adams, L. Dominelli M. Payne (eds.), Social work. Themes, issues and critical debates, pp. 180–190, Palgrave, London. Doel, M., 2006, ‘Task-Centered workâ⠂¬â„¢, in R. Adams, L. Dominelli M. Payne (eds.), Social work. Themes, issues and critical debates, pp. 191–199, Palgrave, London. Drenth, C., Herbst, A., Strydom, S. (2010). A complicated grief intervention model. Journal of interdisciplinary Health sciences , 10 (1), 97-109. Eaton, Y.M. Roberts, A.R., 2002, ‘Frontline crisis intervention: Step-by-step practice guidelines with case applications’, in A.R. Roberts G.J. Greene (eds.), Social workers’ desk reference, pp. 89–96, University Press, Oxford. Higgins, P. C. (2009). Grief Counseling and Grief Therapy: A Handbook for the Mental Health Practitioner, Fourth Edition. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 12(7), 653-654. doi:10.1089/jpm.2009.9590 Holland, J. M., Neimeyer, R. A., Boelen, P. A., Prigerson, H. G. (2009). The underlying structure of grief: A taxometric investigation of prolonged and normal reactions to loss. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(3), 190-201. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-008-9113-1 Howarth, R. A. (2011). Concepts and controversies in grief and loss. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 33(1), 4-10. Retrieved from Johnsen, I., Dyregrov, A., Dyregrov, K. (2012). Participants with prolonged grief how do they benefit from grief group participation. Omega, 65(2), pp. 87-105. Kato, P., Mann, T. (2009). A sysnthesis of psychological intervention for the bereaved. Clinical Psychology , 16, 275-296. Malkinson, R. (2010). Cognitive-Behavioral Grief Therapy: The ABC Model of Rational-Emotion Behavior Therapy. Psychological Topics , 2, 289-305. Morris, T., 2006, Social work research methods: four alternative paradigms, SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks. Ober, A. M., Granello, D. H., Wheaton, J. E. (2012). Grief counseling: An investigation of counselors training, experience, and competencies. Journal of Counseling and Development: JCD, 90(2), 150-159. Retrieved from Silversides, A. (2011). When loss leads in new directions. Jane Simington shares hard-won lessons about healing. The Canadian Nurse, 107(6), 34-35. Stroebe, M., Stroebe, W., Hansson, R. (1999). Handbook of Bereavement: Theory, Research, and Intervention. New York: Press Syndicate .

The Truman Show And Hierophonic Visions :: essays research papers

"The Truman Show" and Hierophonic Visions The Truman Show depicts the life of a human that was adopted by a company and filmed all his life. His life had been broadcast all around the world and people everywhere have lived his life with him. The story starts with the main character, Truman, an adult and married now, leaving for work. It follows his day by day routine and the viewer quickly realizes how boring and mundane this man's life is. The hierophonic vision in the movie was the smile of the young woman Truman saw while he was in high school. It stood out because of the sincerity of her smile. Truman hadn't seen the behavior of someone making their own decisions, in this case her decision to smile at him, so when it occurred his normal life of pretend emotions faded away and lost all importance. What took its place was a dream of this other world that, through her smile, he saw a glimpse of. Throughout the rest of his life, Truman longed for so much more than his mediocre life, cutting out pictures of models in hopes of recreating the look that he received from the girl. He also showed his discontentment through what he said to his friend when he told him that he wanted to go to Fiji. This desire built up and Truman became less and less trusting of his world until the day came that he decided to sail away from his reality, where everything evolved around him. I see this movie as an analogy of the story of the Garden of Eden in the Bible. Truman, playing Adam, is tempted to desire more than this perfect life he was given. Christof, the "creator" gave Truman a life without hurt, without pain, without most of the troubles that humans deal with throughout their lives and even though everyone Truman encountered were merely scripted acquaintances, he still had the ability to make his own decisions. So when the smile of the woman caught his attention, he desired for more, he, in a way, desired for the tree of knowledge of good and evil. He controlled the members of his society, like Adam controlled the beasts of the garden, but Christof controlled both the actors and Truman by his ability to change weather, time of day, what people said, and other means. So when the serpant, the woman from outside of Truman's world, tempted him with a new reality, his curiosity took over and all he could think about was this idea of something diff erent, something he was unable to have.

Online dating Essay

Online dating which allows individuals, couples and groups to make contact and communicate with each other over the Internet, usually with the objective of developing a personal romantic or sexual relationship. Around 30% of America’s 80 million baby boomers are single. Since 2003, several free dating sites, operating on ad based-revenue rather than monthly subscriptions, have appeared and become increasingly popular. These advertisements are nothing but merely deception. The way it works is impractical and unrealistic. I’d say it is one of the most passive ways that some lonely person sitting on his couch all day can find the fantasy woman of his dreams. Advertisers use different methods to attract consumers in an effort to entice them to buy their products. E-Harmony, an online dating service, uses a form of deception to attract the consumer in an attempt to lure the person into signing up for their dating service. Their practice is not entirely deceptive, but is for the most part. The ad portrays two people, blissfully in love. With brightly lit smiles while gazing lovingly into each other’s eyes, each person explains how he or she found their own true love by using this service. The e-Harmony success story continues as they explain how the person they are madly in love with is simply perfect for them in every way. Love and romance practically jumps out from the ad. The ad is somewhat deceptive because it makes it look like all a lonely person who is looking for a meaningful relationship has to do is go to e-Harmony, and he or she will instantly find true love. Yes, it is possible to find someone using this service but it is not realistic. People who use the service go through a longer process, meeting different potential partners, getting to know them and more than likely moving on to the next prospect. The ad makes it look too easy to find someone to be involved with in a serious relationship. By placing the entire focus on the ultimate goal, and exaggerating the potential end result (two people madly in love) plays on the viewer’s emotions. Someone who is in this situation may be vulnerable, so being subjected to the image of lover’s ultimate bliss, may cause him or her not to think rationally. That picture of two exceedingly happy lovers is what that viewer may yearn for to the point of believing what the ad sells, an expectation that is more than likely too high.

Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan Essay

Christopher Columbus is one of the best-known of all explorers. He is famous for his voyage in 1492, when he â€Å"discovered† America while he was looking for a way to sail to Asia. Columbus was probably born in Genoa, Italy, around 1451. His real name was Christoforo Columbo. His wife, a Portuguese women who he married around 1480, was Felipa Perestrello e Moniz. They had one son named Diego. He made several voyages to the New World, which he thought was Asia. His first voyage took place in 1492. He led an expedition of three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. On October 12, 1492, the expedition landed on a small island in the Caribbean Sea. Columbus was sure that he was close to Asia. His second voyage was from 1493 to 1496. This time, he took 17 ships and 1200 sailors and colonists looking for riches in the New World and a quick route to Asia. On this trip, he explored Cuba and discovered the islands of Jamaica, Guadeloupe and Puerto Rico. He went again to the New World from 1498 to 1500. His final voyage was in 1502-1504. Christopher Columbus died in 1506. He was not the first European to find North America. The Vikings had come to northern North America hundreds of years earlier. However, Columbus is important because his explorations made Europeans much more aware of the New World and helped to encourage more exploration of North and South America in the 1500s. Ferdinand Magellan and his discovery of the Philippines FERNÃÆ'O Magalhaes was born in Portugal around 1480, the son of the mayor of his native town. His interest in the nautical sciences started when he studied in the Court of Portugal. These studies filled him at an early age with enthusiasm for the great voyages of discovery which were being made at that period. In 1505, he took part in the expedition of Francisco d’Almeida to establish the Portuguese viceroyalty in India. In 1511 he was in the Portuguese conquest of Malacca and he subsequently took part in the Portuguese expedition to Morocco. After getting entangled in a personal disagreement with his commander in chief and falling from the grace of the King after a report from Almedia, he devoted himself to his studies and projects, particularly reports of the recently discovered Moluccas sent by a friend, Serrà £o. Serrà £o had so greatly exaggerated the distance of the Moluccas to the east of Malacca that the islands appeared to lie within the half of the world granted by the Pope to Spain. Magalhaes resolved to seek the Moluccas by sailing to the west around South America. As he could not obtain support from his country, he renounced his Portuguese nationality, offered his services to Spain, and took the name Ferdinand Magellan. King Charles appointed him commander of a fleet of five vessels, with provisions for 234 persons for two years. Magellan commanded the chief ship, the Trinidad; Juan de Cartagena, the San Antonio; Gaspar de Quesada, the Concepcion; Luis de Mendoza, the Victoria; and Juan Serrano, the Santiago. The expedition also included the chronicler Antonio Pigafetta. The fleet sailed September 20, 1519, from San Lucar de Barameda, enduring the treacherous seas, winter, and a mutiny that saw the execution of De Cartagena and De Mendoza. More than a year after they set sail, they reached the Cape Virgenes that led to the entrance to the straits which today bear his name, the Magellan Straits. Suffering from the desertion of one of his ships, the San Antonio, he entered the straits and after three weeks reached the open sea on the other side, which he named Mar Pacifico. He continued to sail west and on March 15, 1521, he reached the Archipelago of San Lazaro. He was received in an amiable manner by the chief of the island of Cebu, Rajah Humabon, who was baptized along with several hundred of his followers. He then proceeded to subdue the neighboring island of Mactan but was killed in an encounter with the group of Lapu-lapu. His demise prevented Ferdinand Magellan from reaching his goal – the Moluccas – but his voyage accomplished the feat of circumnavigating the world, and that gave the first positive proof that the earth was round. What remained of his men – 18 of the more than 230 who began the journey with him – sailed back to Spain. Ferdinand Magellan and the Spaniards thus introduced the people of the Philippines to Christianity and opened it to the outside world.

Geographic information system Essay Example

Geographic information system Essay Example Geographic information system Essay Geographic information system Essay In a proper way we will have apply the accepted geologic principles. A proper considerations of analytical factors will help in our effort. As there are various types of rock a photographic representation or guide line is not of much importance. In fact the number and relative effectiveness of geological events and various process (causes) that have acted upon them Is of much Importance to evaluate such features. This paper concentrate on the estimation of natural resources with the help of the Aerial photographic analysis. Key Words :1. Remote Sensing 2. Photograph 3. Natural resources 4. Information 5. Sub Area :Remote Sensing Broad Area :Engineering Geology Remote sensing is a technique by which collection of information about any object on the earth surface by recording device that Is not In physical contact with It. This technique is usually restricted to mean methods that record reflected or can say radiated electromagnetic energy, rather than methods that that involve significant penetration beneath(in to) the earth. With the help of Remote sensing technique, taking photograph [aerial photograph] and Interpret It. In fact geological studies are mostly dependent on the field and lab studies , but aerial photo exploitation revised sufficient informative data. The stereoscopic examination of aerial photographs makes possible the identification, selection, demarcation and delineation of lithographic units and enables to establish the stereographic sequence. Black and white photographs several standard such as tone, texture, landforms, topographic expression, slope, drainage pattern and texture, soil, vegetation, mode of weathering and surface features help in the identification of rocks. : Theory of Application of Remote Sensing Aerial photographs as well as satellite imagines occur with the Implementation of emote sensing with employing electromagnetic energy as the means of measuring 1 OFF because of Four-Fold reasons: 1. It provides a permanent record of any objects at any moment of time to the observer. 2. Characteristics feature of Any object which is not visible, can transformed into image clearly. 3. Certain types of aerial photographs and imagery can provide a 3-D view clearly. 4. It represents a relationships among larger area of Earth from a perspective view and provide a format by which we can study of any objects. Unlikeness of topography: It is more understandable on aerial photos than on the spot or in the fields. Topography refers to the level of the land. The difference in level is because of differences in resistances and binding capacities between the rock institution. It is because of this nature tough rocks like sandstones, quartzites granites make higher levels but the week rocks like clays and shale from lower levels. 2. Slope of Surface: This also gives valuable informations with references to underlying materials. Harder rocks form steeper slopes , sandstone forms cliffs but shale forms lower angle slope. On the other hand climate is an important factor in affecting the topography . Just depressed topography while it is tough in dry as lime stone in wet climate forms climate. Some igneous rocks also exhibit the same nature. 3. Drainage: The drainage capacity of rocks of two types (a) Macro drainage: It is like a surface drainage (b) Micro drainage: This includes the pattern and textures of the internal drainage character. The internal drainage is a recognizable feature from an aerial photograph. Impermeable rocks have short and closely formed deepest channels caused by the scattered. But sandstones which have high permeability and a tendency to form a moving mass of water rather than forming gullies. Drainage texture is also related to spacing of Joints and fractures. 4. Geometry of Rock shape and relative arrangement of rocks] This enables the interpreter to distinguish consolidated form unconsolidated sediments and sedimentary from igneous rocks. Belted topography may be the result of tilted consolidated sediments and irregular. Dykes are generally noted by their forms and pattern. Acid dykes are more resistant while basic dykes are less in humid areas. 5. Features of Surface: In topographic map this features will appear so small, but this is very important for topographical interpretation from aerial photographs. Various distinctive micro- features marks in this aerial photography for gneiss, gravel, shale, schist, reality, sand-shale, siltstone, basalt, serpentine, granite , lava etc. 6. Tone and Color: In this section, relative tones play very important role to detection of natural resources.

How businesses are affected by competition Essays - Market Structure

How businesses are affected by competition Essays - Market Structure How businesses are affected by competition Some markets are highly competitive, while others are a lot less so. A good example of a competitive market in which there are many buyers and sellers is that of Internet booksellers. Because there are so many firms selling identical products then the price of these books will be highly similar. This competition helps to drive down the profit that such firms can make. Competition occurs when two or more organisations act independently to supply their products to the same group of consumers. Direct and indirect competition Direct competition exists where organisations produce similar products that appeal to the same group of consumers. For example when two supermarkets offer the same range of chocolate bars for sale. Indirect competition exists when different firms make or sell items which although not in head to head competition still compete for the same in the customers pocket. For example, a High Street shop selling CD's may be competing with a cinema that is also trying to entice young shoppers to spend money on leisure activities. What would happen if there was no competition? If there was no competition in the markets, companies woud neglect technological development and cost reduction efforts. Price and service would become more advantageous to companies, and consumers would result in no receipt of benefits. Now, let us take a look at what would happen if there was no competition in the markets. If different stores did not compete with each other and talked to each other to raise the price, we would only be able to buy the same product at the same price, wherever we went shopping. If manufacturers decided on the stores' selling prices, the stores would not be able to compete on price. We would have to buy the same product at a high price, wherever we went shopping. If successful bidders for public works were chosen by underhand discussions between the bidders, the cost of the public works would be higher than the original cost adequate to the works. This would result in a waste of our taxes. If one manufacturer monopolize one market by ousting its rivals, there would be no competition in the market. As a result, we would not be able to choose products of better quality and lower prices. If several companies jointly forced certain companies offering products and services at lower prices out of the market, we would lose the opportunity to choose a product for a lower price or better service. If two companies with large market shares merged to form a new company and monopolized the market, there would be no competition. Then, if the price rose, we would have no choice but to buy the product from the new company. 12 Reasons Why Competition Is Good For Business By Susan Oakes 7 Comments 12 Reasons Why Competition Is Good For Business By Susan Oakes 7 Comments 0 27 1 1 Have you ever thought that marketing your small business would be easier without competitors? Most of us have at time to time. Whilst you shouldn't be fixated on your competitors, you can't afford to ignore them. Having competitors is healthy and this video shows one reason why - collaboration: Remember the competition you face in your market may be direct or indirect. Here are another 11 reasons why it is good for your business: Helps grow your business and market Reminds you to focus on keeping your key customers Provides opportunities for creative thinking Stops complacency Allows for working together on common industry or market issues Can motivate you to a higher standard of customer service or innovation Provides ideas you can adapt for your products or services Helps identify potential threats to your business Helps your strengths and weaknesses Provides an alternative for customers who are not a good fit for your business Helps you work smarter The Advantages and Disadvantages of a Competitive Workplace by Jared Lewis Competition in the workplace can be a good thing for a number of different reasons. By the same token though, competition can also have some disadvantages. Some industries are more conducive to competition in the workplace than others. For instance, those in the sales field will typically be more competitive with coworkers than individuals in other fields, such as information technology. Nonetheless, a little competition in even the least competitive industries can be positive. Grammarly Makes Sure Everything You Type Is Effective And Mistake-Free. Try Now! Production One