Constitution Cafe Essay

The Constitution Cafe written by Christopher Phillips is mainly about the viewpoints of students around the country and what could be different about the Constitution. While the majority of the students from the meetings feel like there should be a few things added to the articles of the Constitution, because things are different today than when it was first written in 1787. The book informs the readers on the basics of our rights and understanding more about the Constitution itself. There are many issues discussed such as immigration, justice for all, rights, money matters but I’ll only be going over a few of these issues. One argument Phillips discusses is the number of refugees who immigrate to the United States. There are a few students in the meeting that admit to be refugees, and are trying to support their families who are back in Mexico. They argue how it’s not right for Mexico president and leaders who are able to fly over into other countries in their private jets, but immigrants like Ricardo would end up getting killed for trying to find work in the U.  S. â€Å"We never had rights in Mexico, though our homeland’s constitution says we all have equal rights,† says Oscar (p. 112). Although they don’t have any rights in the U. S. , they still find a way to work harder than most citizens and will do anything to provide the best life for their families. I strongly agree with the Constitution Cafe Article the students wrote in which they want the Constitution to change, because most refugees who come to the U. S. want to have rights and live life without worrying about getting deported back to Mexico. Many Americans say immigrants shouldn’t be allowed if they weren’t born in the U. S. and call them names such as ‘wetbacks’ but some take that as a compliment since their backs are wet, because they work the hardest. Another argument the author addresses is with a few junior high school students who agree that every U. S. citizen when they turn the age eighteen should receive an equal lump sum payment of at least $50,000. 00. The students say you should only be able to keep the money if you’re doing good and spending it on well needed things. Sure, a few people will take advantage of their big payday and do nothing good with their lives if they don’t have to. But I’m betting most will make the most of this opportunity† (p87). We all know once you turn eighteen then you could be on your own and spend the money on unnecessary things. This is why I don’t agree with the students, and some points I can relate to like for instance some parents aren’t able to provide much so the money could help the family. I also see it as the population would sky rocket because everyone would have kids for the money once they turn eighteen. Life isn’t that easy just to have a huge payment waiting for you. It’s not fair to the ones who are over the age of eighteen and had to work hard for all that they have and didn’t just have $50,000 handed to them. A question I have for the students would be, â€Å"where the money would be coming from? † This is a very good argument, because any parent wants a good future for their child and especially if the money goes to college tuitions. Finally, the last argument that caught my attention is scout’s honor that the president should have to live by before becoming president of the U.  S. They argue about how easy it is to be president when all they ask for is you have to be thirty five years old and have resided in the U. S. at least fourteen years. A group of boy scouts say the president didn’t have to be a boy scout when he was younger but should promise to be trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent. Our next president could have been in a gang or committed some type of crime and they would still win the president election. The citizens want someone who will be role model to all ages and prove by his/her actions, not just words. â€Å"This article may be about the ideal qualities we want in a president, but most of all, if you read between the lines, it’s really about the ideal qualities we want in ourselves† (p105). Arturo statement is true because we all want to be perfect but we all mistakes and so will the president, but at least there’s one person who will have all the qualities that we need to run the U. S.  This one argument I strongly agree with from the beginning all the way to the end with the written Constitution Cafe Article. A president should give their full duty to our country and of course believe in God. Christopher Phillips message would have to be getting his readers to understand what our Constitution is all about and there could be changes to it every day in life by anyone but it has to get approved of course. Thomas Jefferson believed that Americans should rewrite the Constitution every twenty years to meet our current needs in the generation we live in today. This is why Phillips has traveled the country asking Americans if and how they would rewrite our Constitution if given the chance. His main goal is to make the U. S. a better place and keep us all updated with the Constitution itself and hope from reading the book that we all learned something new about all the different arguments. From reading Constitution Cafe, I’ve learned so much more about the Constitution and the changes that have been made over years. I can definitely say now I know a lot about Thomas Jefferson than I did before, and all that he has done for the U.  S. From the many arguments in the book, I talked about a few and summarized what it was about. We should understand the basics of our rights, and if there’s something we want to make a change to in the Constitution we need to get together and write an article. All of the U. S. citizens will have different opinions on immigrants, rights, president qualities, money matters, and many more topics that relate to the Constitution. I can’t wait to read the part two of Constitution Cafe in the next twenty years, and to see what will change for the future generations.

Different Propaganda Means in World War II Essay

1. Introduction a) General Background We know that propaganda used in war had effects on the outcome of the war from GCSE Modern World History second edition that propaganda means used in war had contributed to the war efforts which directly affected the outcome of the war. Many propaganda means such as movies and songs flourished during this era and even until today. b) Rationale of Research Our paper aims to show how the propaganda means helped to contribute to the war effort by â€Å"blinding† the civilians from facts, so that they would continue to support the government in their war efforts and not lose poise in the war. The sources that we have selected were produced and used at the period of war and thus are eligible as a primary source. c) Research Questions * How does propaganda affect the outcome of war? * How effectual is each different mean of propaganda? d) Scope of Research We will only be looking at the 4 different means of propaganda stated: o Chaplin’s (1940) movie- â€Å"The Great Dictator† o Almanac Singer’s (1942) song- â€Å"Round and Round Hitler’s Grave† o Clampett’s (1942) cartoon- â€Å"Any Bonds Today† o Smith’s (1942) propaganda poster about war bonds We will also bring in historical knowledge that we obtained from the books and websites indicated in the bibliographical section. e) Limitations of Research Our paper will only discuss how propaganda is effective in the primary sources that we will be using. We will only mention how effective each of these sources are, bringing in historical background to support our view. Our paper will only be discussing on these specific sources mentioned and not propaganda as a whole broad topic. 2. Literature Review Chaplin’s and Clampett’s movies plus Almanac Singers’ song criticised the Axis Powers. They were anti-Nazi Propaganda and were efficient in spreading propaganda. Clampett’s cartoons and Smith’s poster appealed to the Americans to support the war through buying war bonds. Chaplin’s movie shows that Hitler is uncivilized, as seen in a cake fight whilst discussing war issues with Italy-an ally. Clampett’s cartoon shows that the Axis Powers were uncooperative when they stepped on the ‘Dove of Peace’. Almanac Singer’s song lyrics (Appendix 2) was insulting, â€Å"Wished I had old Hitler /with a rope around his neck† and continues about dancing round Hitler’s grave. The first movie was produced to ridicule Hitler with very little purpose except for a speech (Appendix 3) because America was still a neutral country during 1940, but in Europe war had commenced. All resources made use of either audio or visual. It was the era whereby poems were no longer effectual and popular means of expression. Hence, propaganda was conveyed in posters, songs aired on radio and movies in theatres worldwide. Audio and visual aids provided a lucid picture of happenings and task definition enabling the government to easily persuade the people to do their biddings. The movies were directed by famous people (such as Warner Brothers, Charles Chaplin), whom civilians thought were trust-worthy and thus easily swayed. Moreover, most propaganda accentuates the importance of war bonds in the War. Bugs Bunny in â€Å"Any Bonds Today† (Appendix 6) was saying that without the bonds, we ‘can’t make tomorrow’s plan’, which is to win the war. Even in this song there is a propaganda poster (Appendix 5) on war, patriotism and to procure war bonds (Appendix 4). Smith’s poster was specifically on war bonds but just in a different form. The poster illustrates the repercussions without war bonds and shows a Nazi shadow cast over children. Therefore, buying bonds will safeguard them from the Axis. Patriotism resulted in exceedingly successful recruitment and maintenance of peace in the country. Patriotism prevented war at home while combating enemies. It was evoked through a poster signifying victory (Appendix 5), shown as the backdrop of Clampett’s movie and also through criticising and making Axis Powers look inferior. Hence, Allies gain confidence. Not all movies were totally censored by the government and thus contained more truths. However, animated cartoons were still successful. The audience were predominantly children and upon listening to the catchy tunes and vivid pictures, persuade their parents into buying bonds for their well-being. The success of war propaganda for bonds reaped 185 billion dollars – enabling the vast expansion of arms. Chaplin’s speech gave Germany hope that ‘when dictators die, liberty will return to the people’; this helped alleviate tension in Europe. The song (Appendix 2) was performed by a band formed by the government for propaganda purposes. Their songs were highly popular at that era and helped stir patriotism in the Americans. All the propaganda, even if not asking to acquire war bonds, was useful in convincing the people that the Axis were inferior to the Allies. 3. Research Methodology We have evaluated the germane resources that we can access and selected four sources that we will be using in our paper. These sources are primary sources as they were produced and released during World War II. After the selection of the resources, we analysed each of the sources individually to detect the characteristics of each source. We also accessed the impact they had at that time derived from historical knowledge. We then look at critics’ standpoint of these sources and found out that reviews and critics on these sources were scarce and extraneous to our paper and we decided to prohibit these critics, as most did not have any relevance to our paper. Subsequently, we look at all the sources and list down their similarities and differences from the examination of each source. 4. Results & Analysis All the sources that we have used proved to be valuable in showing us the influence these propaganda tools may even have on us. These sources were used by the Allies to convince the civilians that the Axis Powers are the â€Å"unscrupulous guys† and they are to remove these threats. Chaplin’s â€Å"The Great Dictator† and Almanac Singers’ â€Å"Round and Round Hitler’s Grave† were aimed at Hitler and the purpose of the movie was to destroy Hitler’s reputation. These sources ridicule Hitler and persuaded the people to despise and condemn him. Clampett’s cartoons and Smith’s poster applied more to the persuasion of the civilians to buy war bonds to help to lighten the burden the economy have to take. These sources use patriotism to persuade the civilians to help to buy war bonds. 5. Conclusion a. Has our research proved our hypothesis correct / wrong? Our research has proven our hypothesis correct. Our research had shown that propaganda helped to collect the necessary resources needed for war, which is money and manpower. In World War II, propaganda means had evolved into sophisticated structure where many factors are included. Propaganda became an essential tool that would be necessary in war, as it would help the government to haul support from the civilians in order to get enough resources for war. b. Questions for further research 1) Why did poems lose popularity as a form of propaganda means in World War 2? 2) How did movies gain popularity as propaganda means in the war? 3) Why were Audio Aids more effective than Audio-Visual Aids in the war as a propaganda tool? 6. Bibliography a) Books: Lowe, Norman (1997) Mastering Modern World History third edition. New York: Palgrave Publishers Ltd Tate, Nicholas (1999) A History of the Modern World 1917-1952 fifth edition. Singapore: Federal Publications Pte Ltd Walsh, Ben (2002) GCSE Modern World History second edition. London: John Murray Publisher’s Ltd b) Websites: http://www.graham.day.dsl.pipex.com/ww2001.htm http://www.apcpapercollect.com/propaganda.htm http://www.hitler.org/speeches/ http://www.hitler.org/writings/programme/ http://www.earthstation1.com/Tokyo_Rose.html http://www.playwinningpoker.com/articles/mz/war1.html http://www.warfoto.com/entertain.htm http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/bobhope/uso.html http://www.nauticom.net/www/harts/homefront.html http://www.a2zcds.com/cds/history/world_war_2.htm http://www.ingeb.org/WWII.html http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/ww2era.htm http://www.archives.ca/05/0534/053402_e.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/32_f_roosevelt/psources/#a http://www.42explore.com/worldwar2.htm http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~hansenb2/materialsWW2.pdf http://www.historyguy.com/day_of_infamy.html http://journals2.iranscience.net:800/www.internet-magazine.com/tesla.liketelevision.com/default.htm http://members.home.nl/ww2propaganda/index.html http://www.virtualology.com/virtualwarmuseum.com/hallofworldwarii/ http://www.oldeagle.nu/post/ http://www.hitler.org/speeches/ http://www.hitler.org/writings/programme/ http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/powers_of_persuasion/powers_of_persuasion_home.html http://home.nc.rr.com/tuco/looney/lists/war.html http://www.teacheroz.com/WWIIpropaganda.htm http://members.aol.com/FenixFlyte/chaplin.html http://propaganda.ww2.klup.info/ http://www.graham.day.dsl.pipex.com/ww2001.htm http://www.apcpapercollect.com/propaganda.htm http://www.hitler.org/speeches/ http://www.hitler.org/writings/programme/ http://www.earthstation1.com/Tokyo_Rose.html http://www.playwinningpoker.com/articles/mz/war1.html http://www.warfoto.com/entertain.htm http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/bobhope/uso.html http://www.nauticom.net/www/harts/homefront.html http://www.a2zcds.com/cds/history/world_war_2.htm http://www.ingeb.org/WWII.html http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/ww2era.htm http://www.archives.ca/05/0534/053402_e.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/32_f_roosevelt/psources/#a http://www.42explore.com/worldwar2.htm http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~hansenb2/materialsWW2.pdf http://www.historyguy.com/day_of_infamy.html http://journals2.iranscience.net:800/www.internet-magazine.com/tesla.liketelevision.com/default.htm http://members.home.nl/ww2propaganda/index.html http://www.virtualology.com/virtualwarmuseum.com/hallofworldwarii/ http://tesla.liketelevision.com/liketelevision/tuner.php?channel=608&format=tv&theme=guide http://tesla.liketelevision.com/liketelevision/vip/alacart.php?channel=687&p=5&theme=guide http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/FilmonVideoVid.html http://www.bcdb.com/bcdb/detailed.cgi?filmtml3&p=s http://looney.toonzone.net/miscelooneyous/tvtitles/tvtitles1.html http://www.kidscastle.si.edu/channels/history/articles/historyarticle22.html http://www.smithsonianmag.si.edu/smithsonian/issues02/feb02/war_bonds.html http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/powers_of_persuasion/word_document/bugs_bunny_video_description.txt http://wso.williams.edu/~dgerstei/chaplin/nazi.html http://www.splicedonline.com/95andbefore/chaplin1_dvd.html http://www.aicgs.org/resources/daad/1995010.shtml c) Acknowledgements: Many thanks to our mentor Miss Foo Yang Yann for helping us out in many areas of our paper. d) References: Clown Ministry (2003). Text of Charlie Chaplin’s speech from The Great Dictator, aka â€Å"Look up, Hannah†. http://www.clown-ministry.com/Articles/Poetry/chaplin-great-dictator.html, last accessed 7 Aug 2003. Florit, Luis A. (2003). The Speech of The Great Dictator. http://w3.impa.br/~luis/chaplin.html, last accessed 7 Aug 2003. Geer, Goopy (2003). Goopy Geer’s Rare Cartoons Page – War Cartoons. http://members.fortunecity.com/goopygeer2/, last accessed 7 Aug 2003. Helfert, Manfred (2003). Round And Round Hitler’s Grave (Woody Guthrie/Millard Lampell/Pete Seeger). http://www.geocities.com/Nashville/3448/round.html, last accessed 7 Aug 2003. National Archives and Records Administration (2003). NARA | Exhibit Hall | Exhibit Hall Main Page. http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/, last accessed 7 Aug 2003. Rotten Tomatoes (2003). The Great Dictator (1940): Charlie Chaplin, Paulette Goddard, Jack Oakie, Charlie Chaplin. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/TheGreatDictator-1008790/, last accessed 7 Aug 2003.

PORSCHE Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PORSCHE - Case Study Example It also owns other companies such as Audi, Bentley, and Lamborghini making it the third world’s largest automobile manufacturer in the world. Volkswagen plans to gain the top position using a platform called Strategy 2018. To achieve this, VW plans to increase the limited production of Porsche through the development of new product lines such as sedans and SUVs aside from sports cars. It also wants to absorb the technology and innovation of Porsche and apply them to other automobile brands owned by VW. However, these plans represent a potential risk for the brand image of Porsche since these can negatively affect the perception of quality and loyalty among Porsche customers. Thus, Matthias Mueller, the new CEO of Porsche, needs to make a significant strategic decision. Muller has to decide effectively whether Porsche should diversify its production or focus on delivering its core competency which is the production of sports cars. In addition, Muller also needs to create a stra tegy that will prevent the potential brand dilution of Porsche. II. Situation Analysis General Environment The economic environment where the automobile industry operates is highly unstable and volatile. This is a result of the financial crisis and economic recession emerging in different countries. This situation can greatly affect the purchasing decision of customers. Industry Environment Sports cars are a specialised segment in the automobile industry with a very specific target market which are the affluent race car enthusiasts. Even though there is a small market for this segment, each purchase constitutes very high profit margin. For this reason, a lot of automobile companies are also designing and manufacturing sports cars. This led to the increased competition for this segment in the industry. Porsche is the leading brand for sports cars in the world. On the other hand, Sedan and SUVs are also generating increased demand from the global market. This represents an opportunity that differentiated car manufacturers can take advantage. However, this segment already has numerous competitors. In general, there is increased competition in the automobile industry since buyers incur low switching cost as a result of high availability of various automobiles. Competitor Environment Volkswagen Auto Group is facing intense competition from Toyota and General Motors in terms of market share and revenues. These companies also have their own high end sports cars and luxury cars which directly compete with Porsche and other sports cars owned by VW. This requires VW to design effectively and market their products in a superior way compared to its competitors. III. SWOT Analysis Strengths Porsche is the world’s strongest sports car brand which denotes high loyalty and high quality perception among its customers. It also has a strong culture for technology and innovation which makes its cars highly reliable. In effect, Porsche consistently experiences very high sal es from all its models of sports and race cars. Weakness Although Porsche has proven itself in the market for sports cars, the company has not yet gained a strong reputation for manufacturing other segments such as sedans and SUVs. This makes it difficult for Porsche to  position itself effectively in the new market segments. Opportunity There is an increased demand for SUVs and Sedans in the global market. This is an opportunity for Porsche to increase its revenues by diversifying its product lines for a broader market segment. Threat T he plan of the Volkswagen to let Porsche manufacture a new product lines aside from sports cars can lead to a risk of brand dilution for Porsche. There is a possibility that the perceived quality and high differentiation that Porsche was able to position to the market

Answer question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

Answer question - Essay Example For the study to have reliable findings, the authors provided allowances for other sources of variation in employment including differences across the chains. To get such variation, the main equations used were as indicated below. The study found that 18 percent increase in the New Jersey minimum wage was predicted to reduce employment at fast foods outlets by 0.4-1.0 employees per store (David and Alan, 1994). Secondly, the study revealed that even in local areas, employment rose faster at the stores that increased wages due to the minimum wage. Thirdly, the paper found that relative price changes played a role within the fast food industry as the result of raising the minimum wage. One of the aspects that make this study to have counter intuitive result is that when minimum wage is raised, low skill workers retain their jobs. Additionally, it is one of the ways of attaining minimal standard of living. David, C and Alan, K. (1994). Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fat-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The American Economic Review, Volume 84, Issue 4 (Sept., 1994),

Arts of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arts of China - Essay Example The advent of the computing technology saw the introduction of new platforms to aid artists in their work.The following discourse specifically focuses on how arts has been influenced through technology. In specific, it gives inferences to china as the focus of the topic. Computers introduced desktop publishing as well as computer aided designs, examples of the influence they have on arts. There are various software in the market that are used for producing artistic images and creations. It has influenced virtually every aspect of arts including music, paintings, as well as in designing. The use of computers in arts has its drawbacks and benefits. One of the arguments fronted by those who are against technology is that it suppresses the very artistic talents that it is supposed to promote. The platforms provide easier ways of producing the various forms of ort that the innate creativity in a person is not nurtured at all. However, this argument is not admissible since technology only makes work easier for mankind. Consequently, the use of computing in arts is to aid and develop the art in ways in which it can be embraced by all. Computers use software and applications make drawing and creation of arts easier. Besides, the applications have tutorials that guide users on how to come up with high quality pieces of art. However, despite all these, it is also still evident that there are other aspects that the artists must have; computers may help with drawings but will not communicate the intended idea unless the artist employs creativity. The artist must thus have a sense of color balance and know the effective use of colors to communicate. Colors have their meanings and using one instead of the other can take the whole picture out of context (Sullivan 87). Just as stated, art is a channel of communication. Paintings and drawings have been used in the past to overcome cultural or even language barriers. One aspect communicated through arts is identity. This determi nes one’s likes and preferences. These are easily manifest in arts and come out flawlessly through creative expression. For instance, an artist would easily employ a favorite color, which is the most common manner of expressing identity. Additionally, identity exposes the cultural practices of a community within which one lives. The images an artist chooses to draw and the manner in which tit is done portray the cultural practices alluded in a an artist’s imaginations. Daoism and Confucianism Daoism and Confucianism are two philosophical provisions largely manifest in Chinese arts. Confucianism rejects unwarranted emotions and beliefs in superstitions. It espouses that logic and reason can solve most, if not all, human problems. Daoism, on the other hand, provides for a natural life; this is a life lived in ascribing to the provisions of nature. The two may appear conflicting but strike a common ground in the need for people to live on the naturally occurring and visib le aspects of life. Trying to explain the unknown by use of myths and spirits begets delusion. This dictate is manifest in the Chinese arts through creation of artifacts that give more credence to nature and ignoring the beliefs in illogical superstitions and beliefs in spirits (Sullivan 132). Foreign invasion is a feature that affects the entire culture and organization of the society. In arts and craft, artists begin developing interest in the

Real estate national overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Real estate national overview - Essay Example In addition to, France hosts a number of NATO agencies, which play a significant role in the development of the group. France is an active part of the modernization process of NATO military (Milligan, 14). The state of the national economy of France is that it is stagnating. It is evident through growth, unemployment, and national debt. According to statistics, the economy of France will hit the European Union budget shortage of 2007 (Murphy, 8). The French believes that an intervention can bring the situation under control. The French president believes that an expansive fiscal policy is essential in dealing with the French economy. France has a GDP of $35700 in comparison to other nations in the region (Boyer, Berend & Haba, 19). The economy of France has expanded its horizons when relating various sectors of the economy. The central government has privatized most large companies in France to allow other stakeholders help the nation to develop. On the contrary, the government maintains to play a significant role in some sectors of the economy. The government manages to hold a majority of the shares in industries such power, transport and defense system. France has at least 82 million foreign tourists annually, and it is the most visited country in the world. France leaders are capitalists, and they have maintained a social equity through laws and policies. The unemployment rate in 2008 rose from 7.8% to 10.8% in 2013(Boyer, Berend & Haba, 19). Despite the slow rate of growth in France, the borrowing rate reduced significantly and attracted investors to the country. The demand for housing in France rose due to the massive demand for houses. The increase in interest rates increased the demand for houses in the nation. The availability of long mortgages has encouraged the demand for houses in France. The financial crisis caused a drop in housing projects in France. In comparisons with other countries, there are many similarities when it

Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Article Review - Essay Example Further on, the stages of the discipline development are discussed. Key words: public intellectuals, sociology, American version of the discipline, Canadian version of the discipline. Key Points The main impact on the development of sociology in Canada was made by the French and English versions of sociology presented by different researchers and scientists, who tended either to French language or to English language. The body of the article comprises opinions of the Canadian researchers on the historical context and recent developments in the discipline of sociology. With regard to the approach chosen by the authors (conceptual, polemical, empirical or historical research approaches), their considerations about the public sociology in Canada differ. The main point of concern for the researchers in the field of sociology is the place of the field in the public sphere. Burawoy’s position is presented as the inspiring approach to sociology, because he presents his dialogue on a global level. Moreover, Jeff Cornier is another leader of his sociology field vision representation. Basically, it is clearly positioned in the article that there is a need for intellectuals in Canada to communicate more on the social level, following the example of public intellectuals in the US.

Jominy Hardenability test Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Jominy Hardenability test - Lab Report Example During testing, water was sprayed on one side of the steel bar when still hot so as to enhance a one-dimensional transfer of heat during cooling. Moving away from the end that was quenched made the temperature rate of change to be altered. The rate of cooling is observed being low as the temperature increases. When the hardness of the surface is measured as a distance function from the end, a profile of hardness was obtained. This profile can be applied to any specimen that is made from steel (Callister 4). Hardenability is, therefore different from hardness as hardness refers to a measure of the extent of resistance for a solid matter towards different types of permanent shapes whenever some amount of force is applied to the solid matter. The macroscopic hardness is hardness with intermolecular bonds that are strong. It occurs whenever the character of the solid matter under force appears to be complex. In this respect, there are a variety hardness measurements. These include indent ation hardness, scratch hardness, and rebound hardness (Bain 3).Comparing the experimental and published hardenability values, it is evidenced that the two pairs of curves are similar to each other. The curves have a similar gradient with just a few differences. These differences were brought about due to experimental errors. Some of the experimental errors came about due to air resistance, parallax, the heterogeneous trait of the calibration plate, faultiness of the Rockwell scale, and wrong calculation.... As widely cited, Hardenability is measured using the measurements of length. It serves the purpose of indicating how deep inside a material of given hardness can be obtained. This is one such vital property in welding and it is inversely proportional to the weldability of a material. This property can be demonstrated in a case where whenever a work piece that is made of steel is quenched; the contact area having water is suddenly cooled and it is often evened out of the given medium. On the contrary, the internal depth of the medium, fails to cool in a rapid in a rapid way and the work pieces inside, cool at a slow rate allowing the austenite to change into a structure besides martensite. The main effect is that the resulting component would be a work piece with different crystal structures, having a hard shell and a core considered being soft and hard for the entire structure. In this case, the softer core is a combination of cementite and ferrite such as the pearlite. In ferrous al loys such as steel, hardenability is a component of the carbon content and other different elements of the alloy. The other alloying elements have relatively important including the calculation using the equivalent material’s carbon content. In quenching, the fluid used facilitates the rate of cooling for the materials as a result of the changing thermal conductivity and specific heat. Components such as water and brine that have the ability to cool faster than oil and air (Callister 9). Apart from this, whenever a fluids are agitated, their rate of cooling is fast. In other cases, the part geometry influences the rate of cooling rate for two samples having different volumes. This means that the material

American Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

American Literature - Essay Example The narration rises above the scope of an ordinary tale that deals with the power of Nature over man, as it depicts the ambivalent relationship between man and Nature in a manner comparable to other American works like The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway and Moby Dick by Herman Melville. London employs a strict and effective economy of words and terse plot construction to produce a powerful story replete with multiple layers of meaning. Though the unpredictable aspects of Nature play a major part in the devastation of the protagonist, the presence of a wild dog that accompanies him on his journey brings in many contrasts. The most significant among them is between the man’s estrangement from his own instincts that causes his death and the uninformed yet natural instincts of the beast that helps it survive. The characterization of the man is done deftly through references to his attitude to the excruciating cold which he understands to be fifty degrees below zero, but is in fact seventy five below zero. London describes that the absence of the sun or the tremendous cold did not make an impression on the man. It was not because he was used to it, as he was a newcomer to the place and it was his first winter. â€Å"The trouble with him was that he was without imagination† (London). He understood the extreme cold temperature on practical terms only, and was trying to deal with it logically, taking for granted the man-made equipments which he hopes would protect him from the powers of Nature. The first three paragraphs deal judiciously with the characterization of the man as a self-willed person unwilling to pay heed to the warnings and obstacles that were trying to stop him from his immediate objectives. The plot unravels through the man’s point of view and shifts between the present and the past. He was aiming to reach the left fork of Henderson Creek, where he expected to meet his companions in a mining camp. He discarded the